درباره این کتاب
عنوان اصلی:
The Taoist I Ching Translated by Thomas Cleary
ای جینگ دائویی
لیو ییمینگ (۱۷۳۴–۱۸۲۱ م.) از برجستهترین استادان مکتب دائوییِ کوانجِن (تمامیت حقیقت) در اواخر دوران سلسلهی چینگ بود. او نهتنها بهعنوان عارفی ژرفاندیش، بلکه بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین شارحان سنت نِیدان (کیمیاگری درونی) شناخته میشود؛ سنتی که هدف آن دگرگونی درونی و بازگشت به سرشت حقیقی و هماهنگی با دائو است از طریق فرایندی درونی و معنوی است. آثار او کوششی منسجم برای پیوند دادن آموزههای ای جینگ، دائوئیسم، بودیسم و کنفوسیوسیسم در چارچوبی واحد از خودپروری و سلوک معنوی به شمار میرود. از این منظر، نمادها و ششخطیهای ایجینگ صرفاً بیانگر رویدادهای جهان بیرونی نیستند، بلکه مراحل مختلف سلوک معنوی، پرورش یافتن ذهن، رشد آگاهی و بازگشت به هماهنگی با دائو را آشکار میکنند. به همین دلیل، شرح لیو ییمینگ بر ای جینگ از مهمترین و تأثیرگذارترین تفسیرهای عرفانی و نیدانی این کتاب در سنت فکری چین محسوب میشود.
شش خطی 25
بیگمانی، بیخطایی، ناپاک نشدن (Wu Wang)
اسامی و مفاهیم دیگر: معصومیت، سادگی، درستی محض، بینیتی، بودن در حال، ناگهانی، بیقصد، نماد آزادی از خطا، بدون درگیری، وفاداری، بدون خطا، آزادی از خودپسندی، خیرخواهی غریزی، صحت، ناخودآگاه
سنجش:
This hexagram represents vigorous advancement of yang; it follows on the previous hexagram stripping away. Stripping away means that when one submits to one’s desires, yin strips away yang. The stripping away of yang is all because of not knowing how to advance yang, and having it stripped away by yin. If you know how to advance yang, and with total attention purely on reality, twenty-four hours a day, without interruption, consider essence and life the one matter of importance, then external things cannot thwart you, and you can gradually reach true fidelity, the state of integration with celestial principle; this is fidelity with the path of creation and development.
In the hexagram, the action is in the inside; this is setting the will on the Tao. Once the heart is set on the Tao and the living potential is activated, the original creative energy returns. In the hexagram the strength is on the outside; this is earnestness in practice. When earnest in practice, celestial qualities can be cultivated and the original creative energy can grow. It is through this restoration and growth that fidelity is creative and developmental.
However, though one be capable of creativity and development, it is of course inevitable that it is only beneficial if the action is correct and the strength is correct. When action is correct, the original creative energy is not damaged; when strength is correct, the original creative energy increases. By correct fidelity, the mind of Tao is always present, the human mentality becomes extinct, and one sees again the original self as it really is, at peace, unmoved by myriad things.
If fidelity is not right, then when one acts it is not at the right time, and exertion of strength is inappropriate; though one originally wanted fidelity, without error, on the contrary one produces falsehood and error—this is called disaster, in which case it is not beneficial to go anywhere. The advancement of yang is aimed at fidelity to truth, because there is vanity and falsehood; fidelity that is not right does things on the basis of the human mind, acting in pursuit of personal desires. Then the medicinal substances are not genuine, the firing process is amiss—how can one complete the great Path? Therefore the path of fidelity, in which creation and development are inherent, is most beneficial when correctly oriented; only then is it genuine fidelity, without error.
تصویر:
What the ancient kings saw in this was that just as nature gives birth caused the Tao of perfect sincerity without error to flourish, fulfilling themselves and fulfilling others, responding to the times of nature, nurturing myriad beings, causing all to live according to their true natures, and to eventually be free from error.
By promoting flourishing appropriate to the time, so that the growth and the season are in harmony, thus nurturing beings so that all have their places, the activity of nurturing according to the time shares the function of heaven and the movement and stillness of thunder—how could there be error?
When practitioners of the Tao make no error in process or proportion, and advance and withdraw, hurry and relax, in the proper manner, this also promotes flourishing appropriate to the time. Unifying the elements of being into a single integral energy, so that myriad principles ultimately coalesce, is also nurturing myriad beings.
Developing beings according to the time, all beings are imbued with reality, and all ultimately are free from error. Thus it is that heaven and thunder have no error, thus it is that the ancient kings had no error, and thus it is too that practice of the Tao is without error. The way to be free from error is to act in a manner that is appropriate to the time.
خط اول:
خط دوم:
خط سوم:
خط چهارم:
خط پنجم:
خط ششم:
So the benefit of the path of fidelity is all a matter of gaining balance and correct orientation. Without balance and correctness, action and strength are not properly regulated, and cannot produce good fortune, but instead bring on misfortune.
The “moon reaching fullness” is in oral transmission of the secret; the subtlety of “the hour reaching midnight” is communicated mentally. If one does not get the instruction of a teacher, one is vainly indulging in guesswork. When the one yang of thunder arises under the yins, the hour has reached midnight; when the three yangs of heaven return to pure wholeness, the moon has reached fullness. At midnight, advance yang; when the moon is full, activate yin: Advancing yang has its time, activating yin has its day. If you know yang but not yin, know how to advance but not how to withdraw, any time you get your hands on the gold elixir you will surely lose it after getting it, and the misfortune of fidelity is a matter of course then. So practitioners of the Tao should make haste to seek the personal instruction of enlightened teachers.
The “moon reaching fullness” is in oral transmission of the secret; the subtlety of “the hour reaching midnight” is communicated mentally. If one does not get the instruction of a teacher, one is vainly indulging in guesswork. When the one yang of thunder arises under the yins, the hour has reached midnight; when the three yangs of heaven return to pure wholeness, the moon has reached fullness. At midnight, advance yang; when the moon is full, activate yin: Advancing yang has its time, activating yin has its day. If you know yang but not yin, know how to advance but not how to withdraw, any time you get your hands on the gold elixir you will surely lose it after getting it, and the misfortune of fidelity is a matter of course then. So practitioners of the Tao should make haste to seek the personal instruction of enlightened teachers.
هر لحظه که می کوشم در کار کنم تدبیر رنج از پی رنج آید زنجیر پی زنجیر. (منسوب به مولوی)
هر چه پیش آمد، آرام بمان و کار درست را انجام بده. (د.ف هوک)
زندگی فردی روی زمین باید با قوانین حاکم بر جهان هستی مطابقت داشته باشد. آرمانهای معنوی هر انسانی باید در راستای هماهنگی با حکمت الهی باشد. اگر ما به این(هماهنگی با راه و قوانین الهی زندگی) دست یابیم، آگاهی درونی ما به روی فهم تأثیرات ستارگان گشوده، و اسرار طبیعت برای بینش و برداشت روحانی ما(از زندگی) آشکار میشود. (پاراکلسوس)
پس شما باید کامل باشید، همانگونه که پدر آسمانی شما کامل است. (انجیل متی 48:5 - ترجمهی معاصر)
وو ونگ بسیار عجیب و غریب است و ترجمه نام آن آسان نیست. من از "معصومیت" یا "بیقصدی" استفاده کرده ام. پس از اندیشیدن بیشتر به آن، امروز وو ونگ را با اصطلاح "ناخودآگاه" ترجمه می کنم، با اینکه این عبارت تا حدودی بسیار مدرن به نظر میرسد... چیزی که ــ مثل طلاق ــ زندگی را از هم میپاشد وارد ناخودآگاه میشود و اثر عمیقی بر ما میگذارد. ... چون شوک در درون است (تندر در پایین) و نسبت به آن ناآگاه هستیم، نمی تواند مسیر خود را طی کند و در نتیجه باعث می شود چیزی غیر منتظره اتفاق بیفتد.... (ریچارد ویلهلم - سخنرانیهایی دربارهی ای جینگ)
تجربهها و سوالات 25
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